This paper develops a framework explaining how Industry 4.0 critical success factor drivers enhance sustainability and circular economy performance in UAE manufacturing. Although digital technologies are presented as sustainability enablers, limited studies explain the causal ordering of technological, organizational, human, supply-chain and policy drivers that shape sustainability transformation in industrial settings. A literature-derived set of critical success factor drivers was validated by 10 experts from manufacturing, sustainability, digital transformation and academic backgrounds. Their pairwise judgments were analyzed using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis to identify hierarchical relationships and driving-dependence structure. The results identify digital infrastructure, leadership commitment, data governance and policy support as influential driving critical success factors. Organizational readiness, human capital, supply-chain integration and implementation maturity form the linkage layer, while sustainability and circular economy performance are dependent outcomes. The paper provides a reproducible decision framework for sequencing Industry 4.0 investments toward sustainability and circular economy transformation.